Unit 1: Diversity In Living World

What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; 

Five kingdom classification: salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophyres, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing featues and at least two examples of each category); .

Salient features and classification ofanimals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples).

Unit 2: Structural Organisation In Animals & Plants

Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inllorescence- cymose and recemose, flower' fruit and seed to be dealt along with the relevant practical ofthe Practical Syllabus) Family (malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae).

Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog). (Brief account only)

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton. cilia flagella centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.

Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates. lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-rypes, properties, enzyme action, classification and nomenclature of anzymes

B Cetl division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary-.idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and  photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hlpothesis; photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis. fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.

Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of plant gowth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence ofdevelopmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulatorsauxin, gibberellin, cy.tokinin, ethylene, ABA;

Unit 5: Human Physiology

Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animars (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.

Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG. Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circuratory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.

Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.

Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humanscentral nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse;

Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary ldea); Role of hormones as messengers and regurators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and rerated disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease).

(lmp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be deolt in brief.)

Unit 6: Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modesapomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.

Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).

Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; lnfertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit 7: Genetics & Evolutin

Heredity and variation: Mendelian lnheritance; Deviations from Mendelism Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-ln humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia,Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Tumer's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.

Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin,s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution. 

Unit 8: Biology & Human Welfare

Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse

Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, lndustrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Unit 9: Biotechnology & Its Application

Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).

Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified :organisms-Bt crops: Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

Unit 10: Ecology & Environment

Organisms and environrnent Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth. birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition: Energy flow: Pyramids of number, biomass. energy

Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity: Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.